BMP2 and diabetes mellitus: 1 Metformin inhibits upregulation of ALP and RUNX2 and downregulation of SM22α induced AGEs surplus (74, 80).2 Intermedin exerts anti-calcification effects by inhibiting RAGEs via cAMP/PKA signaling pathway activation in diabetic vascular calcification (42).3 USP10 alleviates CEL-induced vascular calcification and atherogenesis in diabetes mellitus by promoting AMPK activation (89).4 The natural compound thonningianin A decreases expression of RUNX2, BMP2 and OPN via ATG7-dependent autophagy in HG-stimulated MASMCs (167).