A discovery of PEG-modified insulin and GLP-1-estrogen conjugates as stimuli for β-cell redifferentiation at T1DM was also made using scRNA-seq: this method was used to track the expression of endocrine cell marker gene NGN3, and the therapies by these agents effectively reduced its level in delta-cells in STZ-induced diabetic mice (104). This evidence concerns the gene INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus.