However, it has been reported that type I IFN impairs host defense to infection with L. monocytogenes by apoptosis of T cells, loss of TNF-producing cells, and blocking of the responsiveness of IFN-γ (Auerbuch et al., 2004; Carrero et al., 2004; O’Connell et al., 2004; Rayamajhi et al., 2010). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and infection.