When combining intratumoral and peritumoral features, the performance metrics in the testing set for identifying HER2-low from HER2-positive cancers included an AUC of 0.801 (95 % CI: 0.679–0.924), a sensitivity of 64.0 %, a specificity of 82.8 %, and an accuracy of 74.1 % (Table 4, Fig. 4C-D). This evidence concerns the gene ERBB2 and cancer.