The dogs were not tested to rule out pancreatitis (pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity), exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (canine trypsin-like immunoreactivity), or hypoadrenocorticism (resting cortisol or adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test), all of which can cause gastrointestinal signs. Here, PNLIP is linked to exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.