ICAM1 and Insulin resistance: The concentration of soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) is elevated during endothelial activation and can be considered a prospective marker of endothelial dysfunction [16]. This study aimed to compare the effects of structured aerobic exercise and yoga, both considered forms of planned, regular physical activity, on glycemic control, endothelial function, and insulin resistance in individuals with T2DM and body mass index (BMI) ≥23 kg/m2, following guidelines set forth by the ACSM and ADA.