These include the induction of ferroptosis in gallbladder cancer via downregulation of GPX4 through the p62-Keap1-Nrf2-HMOX1 axis, as well as the promotion of Bax/Bcl-2 alterations, activation of caspases, and induction of G2/M phase arrest through mitochondrial pathways in colorectal cancer models. Here, HMOX1 is linked to gallbladder cancer.