Sputum levels of IL-5 (ρ = −0.25; P < .001), IL-6 (ρ = −0.22; P < .01), IL-12 (ρ = 0.20; P = .009), RANTES (ρ = −0.18; P = .01), as well as circulating YKL-40 (ρ = −0.22; P < .01) and leptin (ρ = −0.19; P < .01) were correlated with TAC. The gene discussed is IL5; the disease is persistent truncus arteriosus.