Furthermore, CTHRC1 has been shown to enhance GC metastasis via the HIF-1α/CXCR4 signaling pathway; it upregulates CXCR4 expression through HIF-1α and facilitates the migration and invasion of cancer cells, promoting tumor spread to distant organs, thus playing a crucial role in metastasis (23). This evidence concerns the gene HIF1A and neoplasm.