Furthermore, AKR1B1 is involved in regulating gene expression at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, affecting key genes involved in metastasis and cell survival; this dysregulation correlates with adverse clinicopathological features including larger tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and advanced TNM stages, ultimately serving as an indicator of poor prognosis (34, 35). Here, AKR1B1 is linked to neoplasm.