Most clinical trials investigating PD-(L)1 inhibitors combined with ATR, WEE1, or Chk1 inhibitors have been performed in non-ovarian cancers, which have different TME (Kim et al., 2022; Besse et al., 2024; Kwon et al., 2022; Brond et al., 2021). Here, CD274 is linked to ovarian carcinoma.