MAPK1 and cholesteryl ester measurement: Based on these findings, this study explores the regulation of the miR-378a-5p/BRAF/MAPK-ERK axis in Th1 differentiation of naïve CD4+T cells in response to rEg.P29-induced immune reactions and identifies miR-378a-5p as a potential biomarker and immunomodulatory target for CE.