Notably, ChAT+ T cells have also been observed in ATLOs adjacent to adrenergic varicosities (7), suggesting that both mechanisms may operate in atherosclerosis but in context-dependent manners, direct β2-AR signaling may predominate in diffuse inflammatory milieus, whereas a ChAT+ T-cell relay could be engaged in structured adventitial lymphoid aggregates. This evidence concerns the gene CHAT and atherosclerosis.