CXCL10 and infection: Beyond the classical ICD–DAMP axis and TME remodeling (summarized in Table 1), emerging molecular immune mechanisms further enhance the efficacy of OV therapy against malignant melanoma (Table 2): the cGAS–STING innate immune amplification mechanism is triggered by cytosolic dsDNA released during OV infection, leading to the production of chemokines such as CXCL10 and CCL5, forming an “interferon–chemokine” cascade.