PTK2 and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: However, previous studies using a pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) epithelial cell line and an epithelial-like GBM cell line both cultured in serum-containing medium, rather than the serum-free stem cell medium we used here, suggests that FAK promotes glycolysis but suppresses OXPHOS under these conditions (Zhang et al., 2016; Che et al., 2021).