AD3, characterized by the high expression of LEP, CFD, PDGFRA, FN1, LUM, DCN, and COL1A1, was unique to VAT (6.5% of all nuclei; 12% of all AD), with little to no presence in SAT (0.3% of all nuclei; 0.3% of all AD) (Fig. 2A, C, D). Here, LEP is linked to Alzheimer disease.