Notably, strong evidence of colocalization was observed between acetate and atrial fibrillation and flutter at rs4766897 in ACAD10. MR analysis demonstrated that genetically predicted plasma acetate levels were associated with a reduced risk of atrial fibrillation and flutter (odds ratio [OR] = 0.60, P = 2.07 × 10-8), suggesting a potential beneficial role of acetate in cardiovascular diseases, which was also reported in a previous study50 (Fig. 6b, c). The gene discussed is ACAD10; the disease is atrial fibrillation.