,22 MASH-HCC (previously NASH-HCC) was investigated across several mouse models, and MASH-affected livers were found to have an increased frequency of CD8 + PD1 + T cells compared to controls; treatment with immunotherapy paradoxically did not lead to tumor regression but instead exacerbated liver fibrosis and increased incidence of HCC in mice.23 Here, PDCD1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.