GPNMB and early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease: For example, A study integrating brain-derived eQTLs with MR and colocalization successfully identified five genes—ACE, GPNMB, KCNQ5, RERE, and SUOX—as promising therapeutic targets for Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, multiple sclerosis, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.41 Notably, GPNMB, a gene encoding the transmembrane protein glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B, was further studied experimentally to elucidate its molecular role in PD and prioritized as a therapeutic target for PD.42