Secondly, IPF itself increases the risk of lung development and this link is also mediated by SPARC protein, by promoting microvascular remodelling and excessive deposition of ECM proteins, as well as by mediate paracrine epithelial-mesenchymal signaling (Wong and Sukkar, 2017; Ballester et al., 2019). This evidence concerns the gene SPARC and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.