DMD and Duchenne muscular dystrophy: Intramuscular transplantation of high-density allogeneic stem/progenitor cells can restore dystrophin protein expression (Skuk et al., 2006), but local transplantation has limited therapeutic efficacy in systemic muscle pathology of DMD, and there is an urgent need to develop a cell-delivery method that can be targeted efficiently to dystrophic muscles via systemic administration.