CALCA and bacterial infectious disease: PCT limitations include rise in non-bacterial causes, debated cut-off values and inability to differentiate in LOS cases irrespective of bacteremia, thus need further research into serial measurements for LOS. Elevated CRP is a risk factor of bacteremia in EOS but not LOS (no significance between bacteremia and non-bacteremia). Serial CRP measurements suggested due to delayed serum production. CRP limitations include susceptibility to gestational age and difficulty distinguishing physiological rise from bacterial infection. Study limitations include small sample size and study design.