The global decline in sperm count and the increasing prevalence of male infertility, particularly across Asia, Europe, Africa, and North America, highlight a significant global health challenge.9,77 Conventional therapeutic approaches, including the aromatase inhibitor anastrozole, have shown limited efficacy and are associated with adverse effects such as testicular atrophy and histopathological alterations in reproductive tissues. Here, CYP19A1 is linked to male infertility.