TGFB1 and neoplasm: Therefore, TGF-β expanded γδ T cells, when combined with the tumor-sensitizing agents ZOL and IFO, exhibit potent anti-tumor effects in a metastatic OS lung model, leading to reduce tumor burden and significantly improved survival, which supports the therapeutic potential of TGF-β driven γδ T cell expansion strategies for adoptive cell therapy in relapse/refractory OS.