Conversely, IFN-γ expression demonstrates stronger association with chronic disease progression (42).This observation aligns with the established immune trajectory of AD: The acute phase is predominantly characterized by a Th2 response, where IL-4/IL-13 signaling via the STAT6 (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 6) pathway suppresses IFN-γ signaling. Here, IL4 is linked to Alzheimer disease.