TNFSF4 and Alzheimer disease: In light of these findings, future multicenter cohort studies are needed to clarify biomarkers of AD and AA comorbidity (e.g., OX40L serum levels, FLG mutation status) and to explore the synergistic effects and long-term safety of combination targeted therapies (e.g., JAK inhibitors + IL-4/IL-13 blockers) (Table 1).