In human studies, Campylobacter jejuni infection of HT-29 human colon cancer cells significantly upregulates pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bid, downregulates anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, and reduces the expression of the goblet cell marker MUC2 (Butkevych et al., 2020). Here, MUC2 is linked to malignant colon neoplasm.