In human studies, Campylobacter jejuni infection of HT-29 human colon cancer cells significantly upregulates pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bid, downregulates anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, and reduces the expression of the goblet cell marker MUC2 (Butkevych et al., 2020). This evidence concerns the gene MUC2 and colonic neoplasm.