Furthermore, p53 can activate the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway by downregulating the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 while promoting the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax. Previous studies have indicated that Se-NPs exhibit selective anti-cancer properties against malignant cells while demonstrating minimal toxicity to healthy cells (Ullah et al. 2022). The gene discussed is TP53; the disease is cancer.