KNG1 and neoplasm: KNG1 upon cleavage, generates bradykinin, which binds to the B2 receptor (BDKRB2) and activates inflammatory and angiogenic pathways including NF-κB and VEGF (Rex et al., 2022; Liu et al., 2017; Terzuoli et al., 2014); in the TNBC microenvironment, this signaling axis enhances vascular permeability and recruits immunosuppressive cells, thereby promoting tumor invasion and metastasis (De Visser and Joyce, 2023; Lu et al., 2025).