Chen et al. (2024) recently reported that spatial differences in immune cell infiltration are critical for the effectiveness of immunotherapies in breast cancer, supporting our observations that immune cell distribution could be leveraged for targeted interventions. Our findings support the idea that oxidative stress and pathways such as TGF-β/Smad and Wnt/β-catenin may contribute to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, as previously reported (Chen et al., 2021). The gene discussed is TGFB1; the disease is breast carcinoma.