The previous studies demonstrated that OA induced autophagy in colon cancer cells by regulating the p38/FOXO3a/Sirt6 pathway, and in hepatoma cells through the Akt/mTOR pathway, reflected in the decreased p62 expression and increased LC3-II and Beclin-1 expression (37, 38). This evidence concerns the gene BECN1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.