We investigated the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between plasma von Willebrand Factor (VWF) levels and cognitive decline, as measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB), as well as the volumes of six brain regions: the hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, middle temporal gyrus, fusiform gyrus, ventricles, and whole brain. The gene discussed is VWF; the disease is Mental deterioration.