TBK1 and neoplasm: Results proved that STING, phosphorylated STING (pSTING), phosphorylated TANK-binding kinase 1 (pTBK1), and phosphorylated interferon regulatory factor 3 (pIRF3) are up-regulated in tumor tissues after 131I-Mn/SAE@M treatments, confirming the activation of the STING signaling pathway (Fig. 4b).