Classic studies such as IPASS (Iressa Pan-Asia Study) [8], First-SIGNAL (first-line single-agent Iressa versus gemcitabine and cisplatin trial) [9], WJTOG 3405 [10], EURTAC (erlotinib versus standard chemotherapy as first-line treatment for European patients with advanced EGFR mutation–positive NSCLC) [11], NEJ002 [12], OPTIMAL [13], and LUX-Lung 6 [14] have confirmed the improved PFS, overall survival, and objective response rate (ORR) in EGFR mutation–positive patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors compared to the group treated with chemotherapy. The gene discussed is EGFR; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.