CCL3L1 encodes for a pro-inflammatory chemokine, and in addition to being involved in the chemotaxis of immune cells, an upregulation of this molecule has been observed in association with PD-L1 expression in high-grade muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder, indicating a potential role of this in tumor immune tolerance and tumor progression [29, 30]. This evidence concerns the gene CCL3L3 and neoplasm.