It will be important to determine if intratumoral hypoxia and HIF induce PTHrP in other cancers, such as pancreatic cancers 23, head and neck cancers 58, lung cancer 18 and colorectal cancer 59, where PTHrP has been implicated in cachexia and, if so, to determine which HIF paralog is responsible. This evidence concerns the gene PTHLH and pancreatic neoplasm.