Further differential gene expression analysis revealed that the C4 cell population, which was selectively eliminated by the Combo and Lu treatments, exhibited significant enrichment of key genes associated with chemotherapy resistance (Birc5, Hmgb2, and Rrm1) 39-41, high proliferation (Tuba1b, Stmn1, and Mki67) 42-44, and tumor stemness (Aurka, Lgr5, Hes1, Dnmt1, and Ezh2) 45-47, whereas the C2 cell population did not exhibit these characteristics (Figure 5D). Here, RRM1 is linked to neoplasm.