Specifically, we used Summary-data-based MR (SMR) to test whether genetically driven expression of the key TNF-pathway genes (TNF, TNFRSF1A, TNFRSF1B, TRADD, TRAF1, TRAF2, TRAF5, CASP8, NFKB1, and NFKB2; Supplementary Table 1) affects PD risk and progression, and RBD risk. Here, CASP8 is linked to Parkinson disease.