MMP9 and Sepsis: Additionally, THCQ has been found to regulate critical target genes in sepsis patients (such as MAPK14, MAPK3, MMP9, STAT3, and LYN), which play key roles in cellular inflammatory responses, especially through the modulation of the MAPK and Nrf2 pathways (Deng M. et al., 2024; Lu S. M. et al., 2024).