EDN1 and neoplasm: The tumor-derived cytokines such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), endothelin-1 (ET1), EGF-like domain-containing protein 7 (EGFL7), and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) downregulate gene expression and protein expression of adhesion molecules and chemoattractants (e.g., CCL2, CXCL10, and CXCL7) resulting into inhibition of the immune cell infiltration (69).