EDN1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Compared with Lu et al.’s COPD-focused NMA (29), we incorporated more PH-COPD RCTs, modeled drug–dose networks across hemodynamic, functional, gas-exchange, inflammatory, and vasoactive outcomes, and applied CINeMA to guide clinical selection (e.g., rosuvastatin for hemodynamics/6MWD; atorvastatin for lung function/inflammation/ET-1).