Accordingly, the present study aims to assess the efficacy of artemisinin as a prophylactic agent against early-stage urothelial carcinoma induced by BBN in male albino mice and to elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms through modulation of critical oncogenes (FGFR3, HRAS) and the tumor suppressor gene TP53. Here, TP53 is linked to urothelial carcinoma.