ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme, AF: atrial fibrillation, ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker, BP: blood pressure, bpm: beats per minute, BSA: body surface area, CES: Cardioembolic stroke, CVA: cerebrovascular accident, PAF: paroxysmal AF, perAF: permanent AF, RV: right ventricle, TIA transient ischaemic attack. This evidence concerns the gene ACE and transient ischemic attack.