Of note, PDE7A likely influences other cellular pathways besides the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis to drive TNBC growth, which may in part explain both the partial rescue of PDE7 inhibition following DHODH ectopic expression and enhanced TNBC tumor and metastasis suppression by co-targeting of PDE7A and DHODH compared to either inhibitor alone. Here, DHODH is linked to neoplasm.