TNF and acute kidney injury: Through analysis of variance, we identified AKI-related parameters for detailedinvestigation, as shown in Figure 1.Following surgery, the results demonstrated significant elevations in levels ofIL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, and NGAL for the CSC-AKI group, whereas only thelevels of IL-6 exhibited a statistically significant increase, with the otherindicators showing minimal fluctuation but no significant change for non-CSC-AKIgroup.