Fifteen diabetes patients with peripheral neuropathy and fifteen healthy participants without diabetes served as controls.<h4>Results</h4>All Charcot patients had pathologically low BMP-2 level at inclusion which remained suppressed throughout the 2-year follow-up as defined by being lower than 2 standard deviations (SD) of BMP-2 in healthy controls (p < 0.001) and in diabetes patients with neuropathy without Charcot (p < 0.002). This evidence concerns the gene BMP2 and neuropathy.