MAVS and viral infectious disease: As a post-translational modification (referred to as S-acylation), MAVS, a mitochondrial type 1 IFN signaling protein that associates with Tom70 (Liu et al., 2010; McWhirter et al., 2005; Seth et al., 2005), has been shown to be post-translationally palmitoylated, which affects its ability to localize to the mitochondrial outer membrane during viral infection and is a known target of Orf9b (Bu et al., 2024; Lee et al., 2025).