ACSL1 and metabolic disease: For example, palmitic acid is catalyzed by long-chain lipoyl coenzyme A synthetase 1 (ACSL1) to generate palmitoyl coenzyme A, which disrupts circadian homeostasis through ZDHHC5-mediated palmitoylation of the CLOCK protein, forming an ACSL1-CLOCK positive feedback loop (47), which promotes metabolic disorders and tumorigenesis.