Additionally, LMF exerts anti‐angiogenic effects by downregulating hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), thereby restricting neovascularisation and nutrient supply to the tumour microenvironment [20, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36]. Here, HIF1A is linked to neoplasm.