In models of muscle atrophy, upregulation of Pax7 appears to induce the proliferation of satellite cells, which subsequently form myocytes essential for future muscle regeneration.55In vitro studies have shown that melatonin increases the expression of Pax7, thereby improving the biomechanical properties of skeletal muscle and facilitating differentiation as it shown in Figure 1. The gene discussed is PAX7; the disease is Atrophy.