FBXO32 and muscular atrophy: Muscular atrophy is characterized by disrupted molecular pathways such as non-physiological Hedgehog (Hh) signaling, dysfunctional AKT signaling and dysregulation of ubiquitin-proteasome to overall cellular protein turnover, resulting in upregulated components of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, specifically muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx/atrogin-1) and muscle ring finger 1, that promote proteolytic degradation.