Using the Luminex system to analyze Th1/Th2 cytokines in pleural effusion, we found that Th1 cytokines, including TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-12, were significantly lower in the MPE of LCP compared to the pleural effusion of HP (Figure 6E). Here, IFNG is linked to Legg-Calve-Perthes disease.