Although bintrafusp alfa, a dual‐targeted mAb against TGF‐β and PD‐L1, has been extensively studied and widely applied in oncology (with clinical trials ranging from phase I to III, covering advanced solid tumors such as lung cancer, advanced cervical cancer, and biliary tract cancer), which has demonstrated safety, controllability, and immune activation capabilities [266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272]. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and lung carcinoma.